Keuntungan dan Kerugian ERP System
Sebelumnya apa sih itu ERP???
ERP atau yang disebut dengan Enterprise Resource Planning merupakan suatu teknologi sistem informasi yang diperuntukkan bagi perusahan manufaktur maupun jasa yang berperan menginteg rasikan dan mengotomasikan proses bisnis yang berhubungan dengan aspek operasi, produksi maupun distribusi di perusahaan bersangkutan (Wikipedia, 2010).
Jadi ERP ini mengintegrasikan semua proses bisnis seperti proses manufaktur, pendistribusian, logistik, persediaan/ inventory sehingga semua kegiatan tersebut dapat dipantau.
Dari penjelasan pengertian ERP diatas, terdapat beberapa Keuntungan dan Kerugian dari sistem ERP
Keuntungan ERP:
Keuntungan dari implementasi ERP diantaranya:
- Integrasi data keuangan. Oleh karena semua data
disimpan secara terpusat, maka para eksekutif perusahaan memperoleh data
yang up-to-date dan dapat mengatur keuangan perusahaan dengan lebih baik.
- Standarisasi Proses Operasi. ERP menerapkan sistem yang
standar, dimana semua divisi akan menggunakan sistem dengan cara yang
sama. Dengan demikian, operasional perusahaan akan berjalan dengan lebih
efisien dan efektif.
- Standarisasi Data dan Informasi. Database terpusat yang diterapkan pada ERP, membentuk data yang standar, sehingga informasi dapat diperoleh dengan mudah dan fleksibel untuk semua divisi yang ada dalam perusahaan.
Keuntungan diatas adalah keuntungan yang dapat dirasakan namun tidak dapat diukur. Keberhasilan implementasi ERP dapat dilihat dengan mengukur tingkat Return on Investment (ROI), dan komponen lainnya, seperti:
- Pengurangan lead-time
- Peningkatan kontrol keuangan
- Penurunan inventori
- Penurunan tenaga kerja secara total
- Peningkatan service level
- Peningkatan sales
- Peningkatan kepuasan dan loyalitas konsumen
- Peningkatan market share perusahaan
- Pengiriman tepat waktu
- Kinerja pemasok yang lebih baik
- Peningkatan fleksibilitas
- Penggunaan sumber daya yang lebih baik
Kerugian ERP:
Kerugian yang mungkin terjadi ketika
salah menerapkan ERP antara lain adalah:
- Strategi operasi tidak sejalan dengan business process
design dan pengembangannya
- Waktu dan biaya implementasi yang melebihi anggaran
- Karyawan tidak siap untuk menerima dan beroperasi
dengan sistem yang baru
- Persiapan implementation tidak dilakukan dengan baik
- Berkurangnya fleksibilitas sistem setelah menerapkan
ERP
Kelamahan ERP:
Kelemahan-kelemahan
dari ERP adalah sebagai berikut (Jogiyanto, 2003) :
- Implementasi ERP sangat sulit karena penerapannya yang
terintegrasi dan organisasi harus merubah cara mereka berbisnis. Kesulitan
penerapan ERP ditambah dengan adanya resistance to change dari personil
yang terkena imbasnya akibat perubahan proses dari bisnis.
- Biaya implementasi ERP yang sangat mahal
- Organisasi hanya memikirkan manfaat yang besar dari
penerapan ERP tetapi tidak mempersiapkan personilnya untuk berubah
- Permasalahan lainnya adalah pada personil yang
tiba-tiba dibebani dengan tanggung jawab yang lebih besar dengan kesiapan
yang kurang baik mental maupun keahliannya.
Before I describe about Advantages and Disadvantages, first I will tell you about definition of ERP
An ERP system, if implemented within an organization the right way and used the right way, can drive significant benefits, including better information sharing, reduced operational costs better synergy between marketing and sales leading to more revenue, better automation and integration of processes. All in all, a healthy proposition.
But the cost of implementing commercial ERP systems like SAP prohibits smaller organization to benefit from a well integrated ERP system. That’s the reason why open source ERPs are increasingly becoming popular.
But before you go ahead with an open source ERP you would do well to understand the benefits and drawback of using an open source ERP system.
Advantages:
1. Free to own & use
Open source systems are usually (though not always) free to own and use as
there are no licensing costs or maintenance fees. As compare to commercial
software the entire cost of ownership is less in open source ERP solutions.
Secondly, there is no lock-in or dependency on the vendor, and you are free on
how you are free to use the software anyway you want. You can do this all by
yourself or hire a ERP
solutions provider. This is the reason why many companies – mostly SMBs but
also some larger enterprises – chose open source software, more specifically,
open source ERP system.
2. Fully Customizable
Like any open source software, the source code of an open source ERP can be
altered and tailored to meet your organization’s business needs and there are
generally wide range of integration formats. Changes can be achieved by using a
company’s internal programming staff or by external ERP
Developers. Even if you have to spend money on custom development for an
open source ERP system, it would still be much more cost effective than hiring
consultants for commercial ERP solutions like SAP.
3. Future Proof
With any open source software, more do with ERP (because of its complexity)
you have a huge developer community backing up the software with their own
review, criticism, enhancements, etc. So you know your software is tried and
tested. Also if the software vendor decides to shut down, you are not left in
the lurch. Since its open source you, can take the help of other developers to
continue working on the same ERP system, which would be possible with any
commercial ERP provider.
4. Updates
Since many developers are simultaneously working on a software, and are
constantly enhancing the codes, you get regular updates for an open source ERP.
All open source software come with a set of core files that get replaced during
each update. If you implement your customization leaving the core files
untouched, updating your ERP will become a breeze. Which is not so for a
commercial ERP system, because most of them are customized deeply and even
simple updates require consultancy from the ERP vendor (as you don’t have
access to the source code).
Disadvantages:
1. Risk
With open source ERP there is always a risk involved that the software or
its enhancements (since multiple developers are involved) may not have been
developed keeping the best practices in mind and may be susceptible to security
attacks. Also, there is a risk that the open source software may become closed
source in future and then, you may have to become dependent on the vendor.
2. Support
Generally most of open source ERPs are free to download but the support of
the software is not. While bigger organizations may have a full fledged IT
department who can take care of the support for the ERP system. But for smaller
companies getting adequate support may be a costly affair. Such dependency on
external sources for support of an enterprise system may not go down well with
your initial expectation from an open source ERP.
3. Maintenance
Not just support, having an on-premise ERP system using open source code
means that you have your use your own servers and databases and maintain these.
Cost for maintaining a server environment that works 24X7 and is protected
against security threats and disaster may be much more than you bargained for.
You may find a cloud ERP more hassle free in this regard.
Final Thoughts
Implementing an ERP system itself is a critical decision for your business
as a failed system will do you more harm than good. And if you add to it the
choice of a managed, enterprise ERP system Vs. a self managed, open source
system, right decision becomes even more important.Generally speaking, implement an ERP only if you need to. That is, only if you have an organization complex enough and disparate enough to warrant an all encompassing software that can provide enough benefits to justify the investment involved.
Also, think through clearly on what kind of support and maintenance your open source ERP will require and whether you have the resources or money to take care of that. If you have thought through these aspects clearly, going for an open source ERP can really be a smart decision for you.
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1 komentar:
nice to know some information about these interesting topics.
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